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Bariatric surgery, also considered the "weight-loss surgery", is a medical procedure aimed at helping individuals who are significantly overweight to lose weight when other methods are ineffective.
This type of surgery is becoming increasingly popular in Malaysia as the country grapples with rising rates of obesity, alongside diabetes injections such as Ozempic for type 2 diabetes.
Bariatric surgery involves various techniques to alter the digestive system, making it easier for individuals to lose weight and improve their overall health.
What is Bariatric Surgery in Malaysia?
Bariatric surgery includes different types of procedures that help with weight loss by changing the digestive system. These changes can involve restricting the amount of food the stomach can hold, reducing the body's ability to absorb nutrients, or a combination of both.
The main types of bariatric surgery performed in Malaysia include:
Gastric Bypass Surgery: This procedure involves creating a small pouch at the top of the stomach and connecting it directly to the small intestine. This bypasses a large portion of the stomach and part of the small intestine, reducing the number of calories and nutrients the body absorbs.
Sleeve Gastrectomy: In this procedure, a significant portion of the stomach is removed, leaving a tube-like structure. This smaller stomach cannot hold as much food, and it also produces less of the hormone that stimulates appetite, leading to reduced hunger.
Adjustable Gastric Banding: This involves placing a band around the upper part of the stomach to create a small pouch that holds food. The band can be adjusted to change the size of the opening to the rest of the stomach, regulating food intake.
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS): This is a two-part surgery where a portion of the stomach is removed (as shown below), and then the digestive tract is rerouted. This significantly reduces nutrient absorption and is usually reserved for patients with very high BMI.
Benefits of Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric surgery offers numerous benefits, particularly for those who have struggled with obesity for a long time and have not found success with other weight loss methods.
Some of the key benefits include:
Significant Weight Loss: Most patients experience substantial weight loss, which can lead to improvements in various obesity-related conditions.
Improvement in Health Conditions: Many patients see improvements in conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and heart disease.
Enhanced Quality of Life: Weight loss can lead to increased mobility, reduced pain, and better mental health, significantly enhancing overall quality of life.
Long-term Success: Bariatric surgery has been shown to offer long-term weight loss success compared to non-surgical methods.
Bariatric Surgery Cost in Malaysia
The cost of bariatric surgery in Malaysia can vary depending on the type of procedure, the hospital, and the surgeon's experience.
On average, the cost ranges from RM 30,000 to RM 70,000. This price typically includes pre-surgery consultations, the surgery itself, and post-operative care.
Many hospitals offer financing plans to help make the surgery more affordable.
Bariatric Surgery Risks
As with any major surgery, bariatric surgery carries certain risks. Some potential risks include:
Infection: Any surgical procedure carries a risk of infection, which can complicate recovery.
Bleeding: Risk of excessive bleeding during or after the surgery.
Negative Responses to Anesthesia: Some patients may have negative reactions to the anesthesia used during the surgery.
Nutrient Deficiencies: Since some procedures affect the body’s ability to absorb nutrients, patients may develop deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, requiring lifelong supplements.
Bariatric Surgery Side Effects
In addition to the risks, there are potential side effects associated with bariatric surgery:
Dumping Syndrome: This can occur after eating, causing symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness.
Gallstones: Rapid weight loss can lead to the formation of gallstones.
Hernias: Some patients may develop hernias at the surgical site.
Blood clots: Blood clots can form after surgery, especially in the legs or lungs. This may be life-threatening if not addressed immediately.
Bariatric Surgery vs Weight Loss Injections
Bariatric surgery offers a surgical approach to weight loss and weight loss injections, such as Ozempic and Saxenda, provide a non-surgical alternative.
These injections help control appetite and blood sugar levels, leading to weight loss. However, they often require long-term use and lifestyle changes to be effective. In other words, it has to be paired with a good diet and regular physical activity.
Bariatric surgery typically results in more significant and sustained weight loss compared to injections. Although it comes with its risks and at a higher cost, the cost is a one-time expense.
Weight loss or diabetes injections will take a significantly longer time to achieve similar results while costing you a monthly or a weekly expense.
The choice between the two should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, considering the patient's specific health needs and weight loss goals.
Conclusion
Bariatric surgery in Malaysia presents a viable option for individuals struggling with severe obesity and related health issues. With several types of procedures available, patients can find a solution tailored to their needs.
Despite the associated risks and costs, the benefits of significant weight loss, improved health conditions, and enhanced quality of life make bariatric surgery a valuable consideration.
Consulting with a healthcare provider is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment plan, whether it be surgical or through weight loss injections, to achieve optimal health outcomes.